2015-2024高考英语阅读中的熟词生义汇总

v2024新课标I卷

1. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.（B篇）

condition

熟义：n. 状态；状况

生义：n. （因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病

例句：

He suffers from a serious heart condition.

他患有严重的心脏病。

2. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing.（C篇）

pose

熟义：n. （为画像、拍照等摆的）姿势  v. （为画像、摄影）摆好姿势

生义：v.提出（问题或考虑对象）

例句：

When I finally posed the question “why”, he merely shrugged.

当我最终提出“为什么？”这个问题时，他只是耸耸肩。

3. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands along with the visual geographyof distinct pages.（C篇）

geography

熟义：n.地理（学）

生义：n. （建筑物、城市等的）布局

例句：

Kim knew the geography of the building and strode along the corridor.

Kim熟悉这栋建筑物的布局，大步流星地走在走廊上。

4. In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.（D篇）

document

熟义：n. 文件

生义：v. 记录，记载

例句：

Causes of the disease have been well documented.

这种疾病的起因已有完备的记载。

v2024新课标II卷

1. With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promisesto be an informative tour.（A篇）

promise

熟义：v. 承诺；答应；保证

生义：v. 使很可能；预示

例句：

While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.

这次专题讨论会将会很有趣，也一定会非常有启发性。

2. This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.（A篇）

introduce

熟义：v. 把……介绍（给）

生义：v.使初次了解；使尝试

例句：

The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course.

第一堂课是让学生了解这门课的主要内容。

3. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.（C篇）

solid

熟义：adj. 固体的；坚硬的

生义：adj. 可靠的；坚实的

例句：

This provided a solid foundation for their marriage.

这为他们的婚姻提供了坚实的基础。

4. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressingthe challenges posed by the forthcoming Al revolution (变革).（D篇）

address

熟义：n.地址

生义：v. 设法解决，处理，对付

例句：

We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.

我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。

5. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...（D篇）

power

熟义：n. 力量

生义：v. 驱动

例句：

The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.

这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。

v2024浙江卷

1. McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the castof “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.（A篇）

cast

熟义：v. 投，抛，扔，丢

生义：n. 演员阵容，全体演员

例句：The show is very amusing and the cast is very good.

表演非常有趣，演员都很优秀。

regular

熟义：adj. 规则的，有规律的；频繁的

生义：n. 主力队员，主演

例句：

We are missing six first-team regulars because of injury.

我们有六位一线主力队员因伤不能出场。

2. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”.（B篇）

throw

熟义：v. 投，掷，抛，扔

生义：n. （沙发等的）套，罩

例句：I bought four brightly-colored cotton throws.

我买了四个色彩鲜艳的棉椅套。

3. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.（D篇）

prize

熟义：n. 奖；奖品；奖励

生义：v. 珍视；高度重视

例句：

I know that you prize our friendship.

我知道你非常珍视我们的友谊。

v2023新课标I卷

1. The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.（A篇）

cover

熟义：v. 覆盖n. 盖子

生义：v. 包括；涵盖

例句：

The survey covers all aspects of the business.

调查包括这家企业的各个方面。

2. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.（C篇）

run

熟义：v. 奔跑

生义：v. （对……）进行（测试或检验）

例句：

The doctors decided to run some more tests on the blood samples.

医生决定对血样再进行一些化验。

3. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.（D篇）

capitalize

熟义：v. 把……首字母大写

生义：v. 利用（与介词on搭配使用）

例句：

The team failed to capitalizeon their early lead.

这个队未能充分利用开场时领先的优势。

v2023新课标II卷

1. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.（A篇）

draw

熟义：v. 画画

生义：v. 吸引

例句：

The course draws students from all over the country.

这课程吸引着来自全国各地的学生。

2. As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.（D篇）

balloon

熟义：n. （热）气球

生义：v. （数量）激增；猛涨，快速膨胀

例句：

In London, the use of the Tube has ballooned.

在伦敦，坐地铁的人激增。

3. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.（D篇）

pocket

熟义：n. 口袋；兜

生义：adj. 小型的；袖珍的

例句：

I bought a pocket edition of the Oxford English Dictionary last week.

我上周买了一本袖珍版《牛津英语词典》。

v2023全国甲卷

1. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.（A篇）

story

熟义：n. 故事

生义：n. 楼层（=storey）

例句：

My room is on the second story.

我的房间在二楼。‌

2. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.（C篇）

credit

熟义：n. 信用；学分

生义：v. 把……归于（常用被动语态）

例句：

The invention of the industrial robot is credited to the company.

工业机器人的发明应归功于那家公司。

3.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharpbook that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.（C篇）

sharp

熟义：adj. 锋利的

生义：adj. 犀利的；严厉的

例句：

That ruling had drawn sharpcriticism from civil rights groups.

那项判决已遭到了民权组织的严厉批评。

4. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.（D篇）

flood

熟义：n. 洪水，水灾v. 淹没

生义：v. 大量涌入

例句：

Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries.

难民不断涌入邻国。

v2023全国乙卷

In 1322 she was tried for practising unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.（A篇）

try

熟义：v. & n. 尝试

生义：v. 审判，审理

例句：

He suggested that those responsible should be tried for crimes against humanity.

他建议那些责任人应该以反人类罪受到审判。

practise

熟义：v. 练习；训练

生义：v. 从事（医务工作、法律专业等）；执业

例句：

He was banned from practisingmedicine.

他被禁止行医。

hearing

熟义：n. 听力

生义：n. 审讯；审理；听证会

例句：

Protesters are calling for a public hearing.

抗议者要求召开公开听证会。

v2022新课标I卷

1. Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawndirectly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.（A篇）

draw

熟义：v. 绘画

生义：v. 获取；得出

例句：

We can draw some lessons for the future from this accident.

我们可以从这个事故中为今后吸取教训。

2. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.（B篇）

way

熟义：n. 方式

生义：adv. 很远；大量

例句：

The price is way above what we can afford.

这价格大大超过了我们的支付能力。

v2022全国甲卷

Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.（A篇）

pick

熟义：v. 挑选

生义：n. 精品；精华；最好的东西

例句：

We’re reviewing the pick of this month’s new books.

我们正在做本月的精品新书评介。

v2022全国乙卷

1. This exhibition of somesixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.（A篇）

some

熟义：det. 一些

生义：adv. 大约，差不多

例句：

Some thirty people attended the funeral.

大约有三十人参加了葬礼。

celebrate

熟义：v. 庆祝

生义：v. 赞美；颂扬；歌颂

例句：

The names of many heroes are celebratedby the poets.

许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。

2. In Wickenden’s book, she expandedon the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead.（B篇）

expand

熟义：v. 扩大

生义：v. 详细阐明

例句：

I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.

我把问题重复了一遍，等着她详细回答。

3. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.（B篇）

sweep

熟义：v. 打扫

生义：n. 一长段；一大片

例句：

Her book covers the long sweepof the country’s history.

她的著作涵盖了该国漫长的历史。

1. click 熟义:n. (鼠标)点击;咔嗒声v.点击;(使) 发出咔嗒声 生义:v恍然大悟;突然明白

(2015 .全国卷II）It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday.

2.serve 熟义:v.招待(顾客等);伺候;服务 生义:v.提供;端上(饭菜、食物)

(2016全国III）Then, it’s ready to serve.

3.rush 熟义:n.冲;奔生义:n.特别繁忙的时期

(2016.浙江10月卷) It’s much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.

4.set out 熟义:出发,动身;开始工作 生义:摆放,安排,陈列

(2017.全国卷III ) If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.

5.spirit 熟义:n.精神;心灵 生义:n.氛围

(2017 全国III ) Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.

6.deal 熟义:n.买卖,大量 生义:n.坏运气;不公平的待遇

(2017.全国卷II) He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it.

7.production 熟义:n.生产;产量 生义:n.演出;播出

(2017·全国卷II)The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre.

8.secure 熟义:adj.有把握的;安心的;安全的 生义:v.拴牢,系紧,将(某物)固定

(2017.全国卷I) Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt.

9.appetite 熟义:n.食欲;胃口 生义:n.欲望;爱好

(2017•全国卷I)  Jazz seems like it\\\\'s not really a part of the American appetite.

10.feed 熟义:v.喂养,饲养 生义:v.满足(需要、 愿望、欲望等)

(2017.全国卷I) Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body?

11.drive 熟义:n.驾驶;驱车旅行v.开车;驾驶 生义:v.驱动 n.干劲,精力

(2018•浙江6月卷) The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.

(2018•浙江6月卷) He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.

12.walk 熟义:v. &n.行走,步行 生义:n.行业 (all walks of life 各行各业）

(2018•浙江6月卷) It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.

13.attack 熟义:v.袭击;攻击 生义:v.奋力处理;全力对付

(2018 •浙江 11月卷) start every summer with the best of intentions: to attack one big book from the past, a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious.

14.fill 熟义:v. (使)充满;装满 生义:v.打发;消磨

(2018 •全国I ) We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.

15.location 熟义:n.位置;地方 生义:n.(电影的)外景拍摄地

(2018全国II ) to see the film locations

16.pick 熟义:v.拾取;挑选 生义:v.举例

(2018•全国卷 I ) Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers )

17.grill 熟义:vt.烧烤;烤制 生义:vt.追问,盘问

(2018全国卷I ) Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning.

18.bridge 熟义:n.桥梁 生义:vt.弥合(差异), 消除(分歧)

(2019.江苏卷) How can we bridge the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals?

19.fuel 熟义:n.燃料 生义:v.刺激,加强

(2019全III) ...how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.

20.escape 熟义:v.逃跑 生义:n.解脱;消遣

(2019全国卷I ) A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.

21.tap, employ

tap 熟义:v轻,轻拍 生义: v.利用,开发,发掘

employ 熟义:v雇用 生义:v.应用

(2019.全国卷I ) The likables’ plays-well-with others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.

22.say 熟义:v.说,讲,念,诵,表达 生义:v假设,比方说

(2020天津卷) Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming a short commercial song.

23.stumble 熟义:n.倒;错误 生义:n.(不流畅地)说,读

(2019.全国卷I ) Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well.

24.hunger 熟义:n.饥饿 生义:v.渴望

(2020.天津) For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence.

25.spot 熟义:n.地点,斑点 生义:v.发现

(2020•浙江7月卷) One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field.

26.trip 熟义:n.旅行;绊倒v.绊倒 生义:v.说话磕磕绊绊,磕巴

(2019.全国卷I ) But he’s nervous. "I’m here to tell you today why you should...should..." Chris trips on the "-ld," a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.

27.farm 熟义:n.农场 生义:v.饲养

(2020•浙江7月卷) I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.

28.name 熟义:n.名字 生义:n.名人 v.选中,评为

(2020.天津卷) Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why? Why?"

(2019·浙江6月卷) John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.

29.sharp, age

sharp 熟义:adj. 锐利的,锋利的 生义:adj.思维敏捷的,头脑敏锐的

age 熟义:n.年龄 生义:v.变老

(2020•浙江7月卷) Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

30.time 熟义:n.时间 生义:v计时;测定……所需的时间

(2020.天津卷) Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.

31.fix 熟义:v.使固定;安装;确定(价格、日期等);维修;安排 生义:v.解决

(2020•浙江7月卷) "It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities," he says.

32.accommodate 熟义:v提供住宿,容纳 生义:v.帮忙,给 提供方便

(2020 .天津卷) If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you.

33.address 熟义:n.地址;演讲;称呼v.写(收信人的)名字、地址；演说 生义：v.设法解决；处理

(2020.浙江7月卷） Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed.

34.picture 熟义:n.图画 生义:v想象

(2020•浙江7月卷) To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.

35.difficult, row

difficult :adj. 的 生义:adj.难以取悦的,难对付的

row 熟义:n.行,排;划船 生义:n.吵架,争吵 (have a row with sb. 跟某人吵架)

(2020全国III ) If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband...

36.float 熟义:v.漂浮 生义:v.提出(计划、方案等)

(2020全国卷II) "We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead.

37.draw 熟义:v.画;拉 生义:v.引起,激起(反应或回应)

(2020.全国 I) Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part I" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven\\\\'t been treated properly.

38.bond 熟义:n.关系 生义:v.增强或建立(与某人的)信任关系

(2020.全国卷 II ) It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.

39.frequent 熟义:adj.频繁的 生义:v.常去,常到(某处)

(2020全国卷 II)  Frequent them and talk about them when you can.

40.green 熟义:adj. 绿色的 生义:adj.环保的

(2020 全国卷II) He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.

41.run 熟义:v.跑步 生义:v负责

(2020全国 II ) Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.

42.rich 熟义:adj.富裕的 生义:n. (pl.)财富;财产

(2020全国卷 II) Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.

43.pound 熟义:n.英谤;磅 生义:v.反复重击;连续碎碎地猛击

(2020.全国卷I) However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.

44.plant 熟义:n.植物v.种植 生义:n.工厂;发电厂vt.稳固地放置

(2020 全国I) Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission.

(2018全国卷I) The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids\\\\' room.

45.engineer 熟义:n.工程师 生义:v.改变...的基因(或遗传)结构

(2020全国卷I) We\\\\'re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day.

46.entry 熟义:n.进人,加人 生义:n.参赛作品

(2020新高考全国卷I） Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.

47.top 熟义:n.顶端;表面 生义:v.超过(某一数量);居...之首;胜过

(2021·浙江6月卷) On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.

48.extra 熟义:adj.额外的;外加的n.额外的事物 生义:adv.额外,另外;格外,分外

(2021•浙江6月卷） That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.

49.exposure 熟义:n.暴露;曝光;揭发;报道 生义:n.接触

(2021•浙江6月卷） To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them.

50.market 熟义:n.集市,市场;交易 生义:v.推销,促销

(2021·浙江6月卷） He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.

51.counter 熟义:n.柜台 生义:v反驳,驳斥;抵制

(2021.浙江6月卷） In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.

52.equally 熟义:adv.相等地;平等地 生义:adv 同样地

(2021 •浙江1月卷） The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being as well as lost opportunities for children to get to know their local surroundings.

53.inform 熟义:v.通知,告诉 生义:v.对...有影响

(2021全国乙卷)In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.

54.voice 熟义:n.声音;嗓音;发言权;意见;呼声 生义:vt. 表达

(2021全国乙卷） To voice his views on modern art.

55.position 熟义:n.位置;处境;职位;观点生 义:vt. 使处于

(2021全国甲卷） In a wired world with constant global communication, we\\\\'re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.

56.land 熟义:n.陆地,地面;v.着陆;登陆 生义:v.使(某人)陷入困境/入狱/住院/卷入官司;谋得(难得的工作、合同等)

(2016.全国卷I） Her simple act landed Parks in prison.

(2015•浙江卷）Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I\\\\'ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs.

(2021全国甲卷）A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!"

57.critically 熟义:adv.批判性地;评判性地;危急 地;严重地 生义:adv.极度地,很大程度地;极为重要地

(2021全国甲） According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a "critically endangered" status.

58.score 熟义:v.得分;打分;获胜 生义:vt.得到手,买到手

(2021.全国甲卷） It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.

59.state 熟义:v.陈述;声明;说明 生义:vt.规定;公布

(2021全国乙卷) For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.

60.consume 熟义:v.消耗;毁灭 生义:vt.吃;喝;饮

(2021新高考全国卷I) The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

61.shot 熟义:n.注射;投篮;发射;拍摄;开枪 生义:n.少量饮料; (尤指)少量烈酒

(2021新高考全国卷I) Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests, like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke.

62.repeat 熟义:v.重复 生义:n. (music)重复段, 反复部分

(2021 新高考全国卷I) You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.

63.flow 熟义:n.流动;涨潮;流;流量vi.流动;涌 出生义:n.流畅,连贯

(2021新高考全国卷I ) His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.

64.house 熟义:n.房屋 生义:v.给… 提供住处

(2021新高考全国卷I) I Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.